Additions- 38

                   Additions in talks

Question tags, short responses,  additions  etc. put  life into conversation,  without these things the conversation would become mechanical, boring and monotonous. Let’s discuss additions in talks in this session.  Look at the following conversation.

  

                                                      SECTION – A (Affirmative)

With the auxiliary verb  can

Jim: I can speak  Spanish.

Joe:  So can  I.

With the action verb submit

Shane:  She  submitted the document last week.

Clara:    So did I.

NOTE: The response in the conversation depends on the type of verb (Auxiliary verbs like  ’can’  or other action verbs like  ‘submit’ etc.)

Verb (Present )

He works in a bank.                 So Do I/so does she/so do they etc.

They Write fast.                       So does she/so do I/so do they etc.

Verb (Present Continuous/progressive)

She is going to the bank now.             So am I/so are we/so is she.

They are watching the situation.       So are we/so is he/so  am I etc.

Verb (Present Perfect)

We have enjoyed the movie .               So has she/so have they etc.

She has visited Paris.                            So has he/ so have we etc.

Verb (Past)

He worked in a bank.                               So did I/so did she/ so did they etc.

Verb (Past continuous/Progressive)

She was watching the match                 So was I/so were we etc.

They were dining…..                                 So were we/ So was she etc.

With the auxiliary will

She will come tomorrow.                       So will I./so will we etc.

With the auxiliary  should

They should accept the proposal.        So should we/so should I etc.

With  going to

 They are going to start soon.               So am I /so are we etc.

With could

They could do this.                                 So could you/so could we etc.

                                           SECTION – B (Negative)

With the auxiliary verb can

Jim:  I can’t speak German.

Joe:  Neither can I.

With the action verb submit        

Shane:  She didn’t  pay the fees.

Clara:   Neither did I .

                                                   ALTERNATE  MODEL      

                                         SECTIION – A (Affirmative)

With the auxiliary  verb can

 Jim: I can speak  Spanish.

Joe:  I can  too.

With the action verb  submit

Shane:  She  submitted the document last week.

Clara:    I did too.

                                               SECTION – B (Negative)

With the auxiliary can    

Jim:  I can’t speak German.

Joe:  I cant  either.

With the action verb submit

Shane:  She didn’t  pay the fees.

Clara:   I didn’t either .                                         

Question Tags (3)-37

                           

                            Question Tags in Talks – 3

                          

We use question tags, short responses, prompts etc. during talks, without these things the conversation would become mechanical, boring and monotonous.

Prior information

FIRST SECOND AND  THIRD PERSON

                                                                                                       

Person	Singular	Plural
First person	I	We
Second Person	You	You
Third person	He/She/It	They

       

First person refers to the speaker. Second person refers to the listener. Third

 person refers to the person or any thing  the first and second person speak 

about. The term 'person' includes non living things too.  

NOTE: ‘He’ and ‘she’ include all singular nouns/pronouns, ‘it’ includes all collective nouns, proper nouns, common nouns  noun Phrases etc. ‘they’ includes all plural nouns.

Subject

The person or thing that we speak about in a sentence is called subject. A subject can be a noun pronoun, common noun, collective noun, adjectives etc. In the sentences below we have used   pronouns as subjects. Subject normally comes at the beginning of a sentence. It is more convenient to make sentences if the subject is in the form of a pronoun.  When you make a sentence always convert subject to it’s pronoun form mentally ( If the subject is not in the pronoun form). They are only nine pronouns (Personal) of all the subjects in the world, namely I, we, you, he, she, it, they

                                                             

RULE TO FRAME QUESTION TAGS, (Past Tense) 

Person	Mood	Sentence	Q tags
First	Positive (Singular) Negative (Singular) Positive (Plural) Negative (Plural)	I saw you I didn’t see you…. We saw you…. We didn’t see you….	Didn’t I? Did I ? Didn’t we? Did we?
Second	Positive (Singular) Negative (Singular) Positive (Plural) Negative (Plural)	You saw her… You didn’t see her….. You saw her… You didn’t see her..	Didn’t you? Did you? Didn’t you? Did you?
Third	Positive (Singular) Negative (Singular) Positive (Plural) Negative (Plural)	He/she/it saw … He/she/it doesn’t see.. They saw her …… They didn’t see….	Didn’t he/she/it? Did he/she/it? Didn’t they? Did they?

They didn’t attend the meeting, did they?

Jim didn’t go to Washington. did he?

She applied for a job, didn’t she?

We worked hard, didn’t we?

He waited for three hours, didn’t he?

RULE TO FRAME QUESTION TAGS, (Future Tense) 

Person	Mood	Sentence	Q tags
First	Positive (Singular) Negative (Singular) Positive (Plural) Negative (Plural)	I will do that I won’t do that…. We will do that…. We won’t do that….	Won’t I? Will I? Won’t we? Will we?
Second	Positive (Singular) Negative (Singular) Positive (Plural) Negative (Plural)	You will do that… You won’t do that… You will do that… You won’t do that	Won’t you? Will you? Won’t you? Will you?
Third	Positive (Singular) Negative (Singular) Positive (Plural) Negative (Plural)	He/she/it will do that He/she/it Won’t do that They will do that …… They won’t do that	Won’t he/she/it? Will he/she/it? Won’t they they? Will they ?

They won’t come tomorrow, will they?

The president will visit next week, Won’t he/she?

You won’t attend the class, will you?

Question tags with other tenses

Present continuous/progressive Tense

I am joining with you today, aren’t I?

We/you/they are meeting today at 10, aren’t we?

He/she/it isn’t coming today, Is he/she/it?

Present Perfect

I/we/you/they haven’t seen her, Have I/we/you/they?

I/we/you/they have seen her, Haven’t I/we/you/they?

He/she/it hasn’t arrived at, has he/she/it?

The flight hasn’t landed at yet, has it?

Past Perfect

I/we/you/they/he/she/it hadn’t started yet, had I/we/you/they/he/ she/ it?

I/we/you/they/he/she/it had seen it, hadn’t  I/we/you/they/he/she/it ?

With other auxiliaries

Could/Could have

They couldn’t meet the senator, Could they?

You could have met the boss after the meeting, Couldn’t you?

Yes I could, but I lost my courage.

Would

The  CEO would be sympathetic towards the striking workers, wouldn’t he?

No, I am afraid he wouldn’t.

Should

I think we should plan right now, Shouldn’t we?

He shouldn’t  smoke any more, should he?                                                        .                                                                          

Short Resp.(2)- 36

                                                                

                   Short Answers in Talks-1 

Short responses are used in formal and informal conversation to make it precise and effective. Let’s have a look at the short answers for the questions beginning with an auxiliary verb.

Prior Information

Subject

The person or thing that we speak about in a sentence is called subject. A subject can be a noun pronoun, common noun, collective noun adjectives etc. In the structures below we have used   pronouns as subjects. Subject normally comes at the beginning of a sentence. It is more convenient to make sentences if the subject is in the form of a pronoun.  Whey you make a sentence always convert subject to it’s pronoun form mentally ( If the subject is not in the pronoun form). They are only nine pronouns (Personal) of all the subjects in the world, namely I, we, you, he, she, it, they

What are auxiliary verbs?  

Can,  could, may, might,  will, would, shall, should, must and ought are called auxiliary verbs. They are used with other verbs to add certain meaning. e.g. She can drive a car

Two types of questions     

Broadly speaking there are  two types of question people use in conversation, namely, ‘wh’ question and ‘yes/no’ question.

a. ‘wh’ question (Beginning with the letters ‘wh’ e.g. what, when, where etc. this type of questions require detail response.) –e.g.  Where is Jane?, I don’t know.

b. ‘yes/no’ question (These type of questions begin with auxiliaries, and they  requires short responses like yes or no (Some people nod their head or move their eye brows to respond.) – Is Shane in the office? No she isn’t .

How to frame ‘yes/no’ question.

Jim is a student. à Is Jim a student?

She is my niece à  Is she your niece? (Someone is questioning you.)  
Is she my niece? (You are questioning  yourself- doubt,  or asking some one for clarification)

To change a sentence to ‘yes/no’ question, place the auxiliary verb in the place of the subject and the subject in the place of the auxiliary verb.

In this session we will discuss short responses to ‘yes/no’ question

Are you busy now? Yes I am. ( Just saying ‘yes’ is considered a casual response.)

Is she in Beijing ? Yes she is.

Are these your books? Yes, they are.

Is Sydney in Australia? Yes, it is.

Aren’t you brother of John? Yes, I am.

Short responses for question in passive voice.

Are you married? No, I am single/Yes I am

Are they tired? No, they aren’t, but they are hungry.

Is it (room) cleaned? Not it isn’t/Yes it is.

Short responses for question starting with can.

Can you swim across this river? Yes I can/No I can’t.

Can you meet me on Sunday? No I can’t/ Yes I can

Can she wait for some more time? No, She Can’t

NOTE: Alternate response – could

Could you please help me? Or course

Could you please  help me lift this luggage? Why not?

Have/has

Has he arrived? Yes, he has/No He hasn’t

Hasn’t he arrived yet? No, he hasn’t (This Sentence has negative connotation)

Have they submitted the document? Yes, they have/No they haven’t

Going to

Are you going to leave for USA tonight? Yes, I am/No, I am not.

Is she going to buy a car? No, she isn’t/ Yes, She is.

Are they going to attend the meeting? No they aren’t/ Yes, they are

Present participle verb/ing verb ( Talking, writing etc.)

Are you watching Television? No, I am not/Yes I am.

Are they playing….. Yes, they are/ No they aren’t.

Is she talking over phone? Yes, she it/No, she isn’t.             

Question Tags (2) - 35

            

                    

                      Question Tags -2

                                                       

 Question Tags – with action verbs

In the last blog we discussed the question tags with the sentences (containing auxiliaries am, is, are etc.). Now we shall discuss the question tags of sentences with action verbs or like do, write, see etc.

We use question tags, short responses, prompts etc. during talks, without these things the conversation would become mechanical, boring and monotonous

Prior information

FIRST SECOND AND  THIRD PERSON

                                                                                                       

Person	Singular	Plural
First person	I	We
Second Person	You	You
Third person	He/She/It	They

       

First person refers to the speaker. Second person refers to the listener. Third person refers to the person or any thing  the first and second person speak about. The term 'person' includes non living things too.  

                                                               

  

Question Tags in Present Tense Sentences

She meets her boyfriend daily, doesnt’ she?

They pray daily, don’t they?

You watch TV quite often, don’t you?

You don’t like meat, do you?

Julia doesn’t like Pizza, does she?

 RULE TO FRAME QUESTIO TAGS, WITH THE VERB LIKE

Person	Mood	Sentence	Q tags
First	Positive (Singular) Negative (Singular) Positive (Plural) Negative (Plural)	I like you I dont like…. We like…. We don’t like….	Don’t I? Do I ? Don’t we? Do we?
Second	Positive (Singular) Negative (Singular) Positive (Plural) Negative (Plural)	You like… You don’t like….. You like… You don’t like..	Don’t you? Do you? Don’t you? Do you?
Third	Positive (Singular) Negative (Singular) Positive (Plural) Negative (Plural)	He/she/it likes… He/she/it doesn’t like.. They like …… They don’t like….	Doesn’t he/she/it? Does he/she/it? Don’t they? Do they?

NOTE: ‘He’ and ‘she’ include all singular nouns/pronouns, ‘it’ includes all collective nouns, proper nouns, common nouns etc. ‘they’ includes all plural nouns.

More Model sentences

It doesn’t rain much here, does it?

It rains a lot here, doesn’t  it?

The film caused the trouble, doesn’t it?

They work hard, don’t they?

Jennifer Lawrence  takes lessons in steps (for her new movie Silver Lining Playbook), doesn’t she?

Clint Eastwood and Justin  play golf for physical fitness, Don’t they

Brian De Palma gets good ladies for the leading roles, doesn’t he.

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