Friday, April 26, 2013

Measurements- 62



            Measures Description 

                                 Out of the Books Stuff                                                          


The reference source of this material is Practical English Usage and High School English Grammar

Time description (The position of apostrophe is to be noted.)

An hour journey.
Two hours’ Journey. Or a journey of two hours. Or Two- hour journey.
Two days’ journey.
Five minutes’ duration. Also a Thirty minutes-surgery is also correct.
The weekly news. The late nigh news. Evening news.
Yesterday’s news. Last Month’s/Monday’s meeting.
One and a half hours. (One and half hour.)


Numerically Speaking

¼ - One fourth. One fourths.
2/5- Two fifths.
10/13 (Ten thirteenths.)
2/7 (Meter) two sevenths of a meter.
3.9 Three point nine.
0.766 (Length) Zero point seven six seven of a centimeter. (or) Zero point seven six six centimeters.
(Generally decimals above one are in plural form.)
0.789 Zero pint seven eight nine. (Zero point seven eight and nine.)
118/456 one hundred and eighteen over four hundred and fifty six.
1.5 meters (1.5 Meter.)

Measuring hot and cold.

72 degrees Fahrenheit. 72 degree Fahrenheit.
85 degrees Celsius. 85 degree Celsius.
Siberia is reeling under sub zero degrees Celsius. (Zero degree Celsius.)


Money matters.

Sixteen Hundred US Dollars. Sixteen hundreds US dollars.        
Millions of dollars were spent on the new project.
There are 100 cents in Dollar.
A hundred rupee note (Indian Rupees.)
She sold her house for 70,000 dollars.
Three hundred and sixty five Dollars.

Historical events

1901 to 2000 A.D is called 20th century.
2001 to 2100 A.D is called 21st century.
The fort was built in seventeen hundred and thirty three  (=1733 A.D)
He was crowned in fifteen hundred

More Examples

My brother is five feet tall
She is 7 kilos heavier than her sister
The first building 16 meters taller than the second one.

Compound nouns

Seventy-foot tall building
Seven-month old baby.
A seven-mile walk.
Ten foot-deep hole.
Five-hour programme.

NOTE: Plural of Tooth is Teeth and Plural of Foot is Feet                                                                                        

MyFreeCopyright.com Registered & Protected    

Saturday, April 20, 2013

Short forms in English - 61



               Short forms in English

                                 Out of the Books Stuff                                                                                                                  

SHORT FORMSShort forms are common in written as well as in spoken English. Apostrophe (‘) is used to write short forms. The words  I am may be written I’m (‘) indicates missing letter a, and It is very well understood by the reader. The most commonly used short forms are given below. Please note that  these short forms are not SMS words and can be used in formal English speaking and writing. 

 Is = ‘s
Am = ‘m
Are = ‘re
Have = ‘ve
Is / Has = ‘s (can be understood from the context.)
Had / would  = ‘d ( Can be understood from the context.)
Will = ‘ll

Short forms in negatives
Is  not = isn’t
Are not = aren’t
Was not = wasn’t’
Were not = weren’t
Has not  = hasn’t
Had not  = hadn’t
Do not = don’t
Does not = doesn’t
Did not = did not
Will not = won’t
Would not = wouldn’t
Shall not = shan’t
Should not = shouldn’t
Must not = mustn’t
Need not = needn’t
Cannot = can’t (can not)

NOTE:
10 O’ Clock = 10 of the clock
It’s = It is
Its = of the/ belongs to

Shortened forms in sentences

My brother’s reading a news paper = My brother is reading a news paper
My brother’s reading room = The reading room belongs to my brother.(‘s is not a shortened form in this case)
Who’s your friend. = Who is your friend.
What’s  your favorite color. = What is your favorite color.
She’s got three children = She has got three children.
I’ d  like to have some coffee.
You’re looking nice. = You are looking nice.
I’d submitted the document. = I had submitted the document.
She’ll come tomorrow. = She will come tomorrow.
It’s time to go to bed. = It is time to go to bed.
Let’s have some soft drinks.=  Let us have some soft drinks.
I don’t know = I do not know.
They won’t attend the meeting. = They will not attend the meeting.
She hasn’t visited Rome = She has not visited Rome.
He doesn’t know French. = He does not know French.  

MyFreeCopyright.com Registered & Protected   
                          

Sunday, April 14, 2013

Plurals - Sentences' Structure - 60



    Plurals - Sentences' Structure

                                 Out of the Books Stuff              

Prior Information

Noun
Pronoun
Countable Noun
Singular and plural nouns
Articles
Auxiliary Verb
First, Second and Third person

 Click grammarmail.com for the explanation of the above terms.

Countable Nouns have  singular and  plural forms (Singular means one , plural means more than one).  The auxiliary verb and the articles used with a countable noun change when the noun is changed from singular to plural or plural to singular form in a sentence.  One should have good information about the countable and uncountable nouns before framing a sentence involving plurals. Let’s have a look at the following sample sentences

A dog is an animal. Dog = Singular
Dogs are animals. Dogs = Plural

NOTE: Article is dropped before  the plural noun Dogs. The auxiliary verb is is changed to are in the plural. s is added to the noun animal to make it a plural noun.

This, that is used before singular nouns and these those are used with plural nouns.

Uncountable nouns have no plural forms. Some nouns have no singulars like furniture pants etc. The word some before the plurals is very common.

A man is standing behind the door. Man = Singular
Some men are standing behind the door.  Men = Plural


PRONOUNS - SINGULAR AND PLURAL

PersonSingularPlural
FirstI we
Secondyouyou
ThirdHeSheItTheyTheyThey


CIRCUMSTANCES – PRESENT

I am a student. - Singular
We are students. - Plural

You are late today.- Singular
You are late today. - Plural

He/she/it is an American. - Singular
They are Americans. - Plural

She is reading a news paper - Singular
They are reading newspapers. – Plural



CIRCUMSTANCES – PAST
I was a student in 1995. - Singular
We were students in 1995.- Plural

You were late yesterday. - Singular
You were late yesterday. - Plural

He/she/it was in London last week. - Singular
They were in London last week. - Plural

He was reading a news paper this  morning. - Singular
They were reading news paper this morning. - Plural


MORE MODEL SENTENCES
 An eye is blue or brown. - Singular
Eyes are blue or brown. - Plural

There is a big tree in the garden. - Singular
There are  big trees in the gardens. - Plural

An egg is kept in the basket. - Singular
Eggs are kept in the baskets. - Plural

Isn’t  this pencil yours? - Singular
Aren’t these pencils yours? - Plural

Where is the boy? - Singular
Where are the boys? - Plural

A bird can fly. - Singular
Birds can fly. - Plural

Is this mango sweet ?- Singular
Are these mangoes sweet or not.? - Plural 

MyFreeCopyright.com Registered & Protected  

Saturday, April 6, 2013

Noun Verb Adj -59


      Noun > Verb >Adj-Interchange 

                                 Out of the Books Stuff                                          

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

Prior Information

Verb (Action or main verb)

Adverb

Adjective

 Click grammarmail for explanation of the above Terms.

Changing a Noun to Verb or Verb to Adjective etc. needs a great deal of knowledge about the word order, It's not a difficult job if one has strong interest in words juggling.  Wide reading will give good exposure to this form of art. Please note, when a noun-word is changed to a verb or an adjective the structure of the entire sentence changes. While giving a speech or a talk the art of changing a noun to a verb or an adjective etc., comes in handy and helps the speaker to deliver his/her  talk without a pause. 

Five as Noun >> Verb >> Adjective

Five is a lucky number. (Five = Noun.)
The hand has five fingers. (Five = Adjective)
She wrote five letters. ( Five = adverb)

Little as Noun >> Adverb >> Adjective >> verb

Little drops make big oceans (Little = Noun)
She slipped a little ( Little = Adverb)
Joe has little intelligence ( Little = Adjective)
Don’t belittle the poor (Belittle = Verb)

Bangalore as noun>> Verb>> Adjective (Bangalore is a mega city famous for It outsourcing jobs.)

Bangalore is an Indian city (Bangalore = Noun)

Jim was Bangalored due to recession. (Bangalore = Verb) 
(Jim was laid off and his job was outsourced to Bangalore on cost consideration)
Clara is a Bangalorian (Bangalore = Adjective)

Perform  as a Noun>> Verb 

Chinese Team’s Performance was exemplary in London Olympic. (Perform = Noun)
Indian performed well in the recent cricket match (Perform = Verb)


Outsource Noun >> Verb >> Adverb >> Adjective

Outsourcing hits job opportunities in many developed countries. (Outsource = Noun)

Many  US Jobs  were outsourced  to Asia. (Outsource = Verb)
She supervises outsourcing jobs Section. (Outsource =  adverb)
Out sourcing jobs are not permanent  ones.(Outsource = adjective)

SMS as Noun>> Verb>> Adjective>> Adverb

 SMS is a good form of communication (SMS = Noun)
She SMSed a messaged to her friend ( SMS = Verb)
She is keying a SMS message. ( SMS = Adverb)
John received an SMS message (SMS adjective)


Talk as Noun >> Verb >> Adjective

She Talks of Business always (Talk = Verb)
He gave a talk on Arms Treaty. (Talk = Noun)
He is a talkative person   ( He is interested in talking always.) – (Talk = Adjective)


NOTE

The Verb has Six forms
The adjective has three forms