Making sentences with helping (Auxiliary) verbs am is are (2)
am is are + Present participle verb forms
I am writing, we are waiting, she is reading
Present participle verb forms are writing, seeing, eating, walking, driving, watching etc.
Helping Auxiliary Verbs
Verbs like am,is are, was were, etc, are used to help or support the actions verbs , come, like , read etc. to make sentences. In this situation the Verbs am, is are are called helping or auxiliary verbs.
Practical Usage
Action that is happening now and is not yet completed.
e.g. Jim is reading a news paper.
To say something that is going on (not at the time of speaking)
e.g. John is studying in a college.
To say something planned in future.
e.g. I am going to Perth tomorrow.
Usage with always
e.g. My aunt is always forgetting things/making mistakes.
We/you/they + are + present participle verb (ing verb form) + information/news etc. – e.g. They are waiting at the bus top. – simple sentence.
1.Simple sentence, message/information/declarative question etc.
Person
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
First
|
I am reading a book
|
We are reading a book
|
Second
|
You are reading a book
|
You are reading a book
|
Third
|
He/she/it is reading a book
|
They are reading a book
|
Note:
He includes all males names e.g. Robert, Alex, Jim, and common nouns like President , Director, Chairman, Friend, Father, Uncle etc.
She includes all female names e.g. Elizabeth, Mary, and common nouns like President, Director, Chairman, Friend, Mother, aunt etc.
It includes all types of nouns and pronouns (Singular form of things, animals etc.), & collective nouns (like team, army, group etc.)
They includes all types of nouns and pronouns (Plural form of things, people, animals etc.)
He is studying in an Engineering college.
Rachel is having dinner.
We are watching TV , please don’t disturb.
I am having lunch, please call me later.
She is wearing a new dress.
I am learning English at AICE academy.
It’s raining, take an umbrella.
I am doing business, I am not studying.
Joe is having shower/bath. ( action is taking place at the time of talking)
They are swimming in the lake.
My grandfather is always forgetting things.
‘Excuse me you are sitting in my seat’, ‘Oh, I am sorry’
Where is Linda? she is in kitchen. What is she doing? She is cooking something.
2. Negative sentence
Person
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
First
|
I am not reading a book
|
We aren’t reading a book
|
Second
|
You aren’t reading a book
|
You aren’t reading a book
|
Third
|
He/she/it isn’t reading a book
|
They aren’t reading a book
|
Note:
He includes all males names e.g. Robert, Alex, Jim, and common nouns like President , Director, Chairman, Friend, Father, Uncle etc.
She includes all female names e.g. Elizabeth, Mary, and common nouns like President, Director, Chairman, Friend, Mother, aunt etc.
It includes all types of nouns and pronouns (Singular form of things, animals etc.), collective nouns (like team, army, group etc.)
They includes all types of nouns and pronouns (Plural form of things, people, animals etc.)
Sample sentences
Negatives
Shane is not having dinner, she is having coffee.
They are not, watching TV they are having tea.
She is not cooking, she is reading a news paper.
I am not waiting for the bus, I am waiting for my friend.
He is not sleeping, he is watching TV.
3.‘yes/no’ question
Person
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
First
|
Am I reading a book?
|
Are we reading a book?
|
Second
|
Are you reading a book?
|
Are you reading a book?
|
Third
|
Is he/she/it reading a book?
|
Are they reading a book?
|
Note:
He includes all males names e.g. Robert, Alex, Jim, and common nouns like President , Director, Chairman, Friend, Father, Uncle etc.
She includes all female names e.g. Elizabeth, Mary, and common nouns like President, Director, Chairman, Friend, Mother, aunt etc.
It includes all types of nouns and pronouns (Singular form of things, animals etc.), collective nouns (like team, army, group etc.)
They includes all types of nouns and pronouns (Plural form of things, people, animals etc.)
Sample sentences
‘yes/no’ questions
Are you having lunch now? No, I am watching TV.
Are you waiting for Rachel? No I am waiting for the bus.
Is she feeling OK, Yes she is fine.
Is she preparing tea? Yes, For whom? For her friends.
Is it raining? No it isn’t.
Is Albert attending the class regularly? Yes he is.
Are you coming tonight? I am not sure.
Is you father working in a bank? Yes, Which bank? City bank, Where is it? At New Delhi.
4. Negative ‘yes/no’ question
Person
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
First
|
Aren’t I reading a book?
|
Aren’t we reading a book ?
|
Second
|
Aren’t you reading a book?
|
Aren’t you reading a book?
|
Third
|
Isn’t he/she/it reading a book?
|
Aren’t they reading a book?
|
Note:
He includes all males names e.g. Robert, Alex, Jim, and common nouns like President , Director, Chairman, Friend, Father, Uncle etc.
She includes all female names e.g. Elizabeth, Mary, and common nouns like President, Director, Chairman, Friend, Mother, aunt etc.
It includes all types of nouns and pronouns (Singular form of things, animals etc.), collective nouns (like team, army, group etc.)
They includes all types of nouns and pronouns (Plural form of things, people, animals etc.)
Sample sentences
Negative questions (yes/no)
Aren’t you feeling well? (or) (= Are you not feeling well?)
Yes I have a headache.
Isn’t she working in a bank? (= Is she not working in a bank?)
No, she is working in Railways.
5. ‘wh’ question
Person
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
First
|
What am I doing?
|
What are we doing?
|
Second
|
What are you doing?
|
What are you doing?
|
Third
|
What is he/she/it doing?
|
What are they doing?
|
Note:
He includes all males names e.g. Robert, Alex, Jim, and common nouns like President , Director, Chairman, Friend, Father, Uncle etc.
She includes all female names e.g. Elizabeth, Mary, and common nouns like President, Director, Chairman, Friend, Mother, aunt etc.
It includes all types of nouns and pronouns (Singular form of things, animals etc.), collective nouns (like team, army, group etc.)
They includes all types of nouns and pronouns (Plural form of things, people, animals etc.)
Sample sentences
‘wh’ questions
What is Ann doing? She is having breakfast.
What are the students doing? They are playing.
Who are you waiting for? I am waiting for Paul.
What is Joe having? Tea or coffee. Tea
Where is Kate ? She is in the garden. What is she doing? Watering the plants.
NOTE: All the above five types can be uttered in five or more moods of utterance.
More usage types
Future planning
I am having meeting tomorrow. Are you coming with me? Sorry I have work.
I am staying at home this evening, you can meet me at 8 tonight.
The president is coming next week.
What time are you leaving for New York ? At 6.00 this evening.
There is a cricket match tomorrow, but we are not going to the stadium.
Question tag
She is not coming with us. Is she?
They are not writing. Are they?
I am writing ….. . Aren’t I?
They are cleaning the room. Aren’t they
President is coming tomorrow. Isn’t he/she
Short response
Are you reading that news paper? Yes I am/ No I am not.
Is she doing well. Yes she is/No she isn’t
Isn’t he doing well ? No, he isn’t
Aren’t they writing? Yes they are/No they aren’t
Aren’t you watching TV ? Yes I am / No I am not.
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